19. Tuplets¶
19.1. Making a tuplet from a LilyPond input string¶
You can make an Abjad tuplet from a multiplier and a LilyPond input string:
abjad> tuplet = Tuplet(Fraction(2, 3), "c'8 d'8 e'8")
abjad> show(tuplet)
19.2. Making a tuplet from a list of other Abjad components¶
You can also make a tuplet from a multiplier and a list of other Abjad components:
abjad> leaves = [Note("fs'8"), Note("g'8"), Rest('r8')]
abjad> tuplet = Tuplet(Fraction(2, 3), leaves)
abjad> show(tuplet)
19.3. Understanding the interpreter display of a tuplet¶
The interprer display of an Abjad tuplet contains three parts:
abjad> tuplet
Tuplet(2/3, [fs'8, g'8, r8])
Tuplet tells you the tuplet’s class.
2/3 tells you the tuplet’s multiplier.
The list [fs'8, g'8, r8] shows the top-level components the tuplet contains.
19.4. Understanding the string representation of a tuplet¶
The string representation of a tuplet contains four parts:
abjad> print tuplet
{* 3:2 fs'8, g'8, r8 *}
Curly braces { and } indicate that the tuplet’s music is interpreted sequentially instead of in parallel.
The asterisks * denote a fixed-multiplier tuplet.
3:2 tells you the tuplet’s ratio.
The remaining arguments show the top-level components of tuplet.
19.5. Inspecting the LilyPond format of a tuplet¶
Get the LilyPond input format of any Abjad object with format:
abjad> tuplet.format
"\\times 2/3 {\n\tfs'8\n\tg'8\n\tr8\n}"
Use f() as a short-cut to print the LilyPond format of any Abjad object:
abjad> f(tuplet)
\times 2/3 {
fs'8
g'8
r8
}
19.6. Inspecting the music in a tuplet¶
Get the music in any Abjad container with music:
abjad> tuplet.music
(Note("fs'8"), Note("g'8"), Rest('r8'))
Abjad returns a read-only tuple of components.
19.7. Inspecting a tuplet’s leaves¶
Get the leaves in any Abjad container with leaves:
abjad> tuplet.leaves
(Note("fs'8"), Note("g'8"), Rest('r8'))
Abjad returns a read-only tuple of leaves.
19.8. Getting the length of a tuplet¶
Get the length of any Abjad container with len():
abjad> len(tuplet)
3
The length of every Abjad container is defined equal to the number of top-level components present in the container.
19.9. Getting the duration attributes of a tuplet¶
You set the multiplier of a tuplet at initialization:
abjad> tuplet.multiplier
Fraction(2, 3)
The contents durations of a tuplet equals the sum of written durations of the components in the tuplet:
abjad> tuplet.contents_duration
Duration(3, 8)
The multiplied duration of a tuplet equals the product of the tuplet’s multiplier and the tuplet’s contents duration:
abjad> tuplet.multiplied_duration
Duration(1, 4)
19.10. Understanding rhythmic augmentation and diminution¶
A tuplet with a multiplier less than 1 constitutes a type of rhythmic diminution:
abjad> tuplet.multiplier
Fraction(2, 3)
abjad> tuplet.is_diminution
True
A tuplet with a multiplier greater than 1 is a type of rhythmic augmentation:
abjad> tuplet.is_augmentation
False
19.11. Understanding binary and nonbinary tuplets¶
A tuplet is considered binary if the numerator of the tuplet multiplier is an integer power of 2:
abjad> tuplet.multiplier
Fraction(2, 3)
abjad> tuplet.is_binary
True
Other tuplets are nonbinary:
abjad> tuplet.is_nonbinary
False
19.12. Adding one component to the end of a tuplet¶
Add one component to the end of a tuplet with append:
abjad> tuplet.append(Note("e'4."))
abjad> show(tuplet)
19.13. Adding many components to the end of a tuplet¶
Add many components to the end of a tuplet with extend:
abjad> notes = [Note("fs'8"), Note("e'8"), Note("d'8"), Note("c'4.")]
abjad> tuplet.extend(notes)
abjad> show(tuplet)
19.14. Finding the index of a component in a tuplet¶
Find the index of a component in a tuplet with index():
abjad> notes[1]
Note("e'8")
abjad> tuplet.index(notes[1])
5
19.15. Removing a tuplet component by index¶
Use pop() to remove a tuplet component by index:
abjad> tuplet[7]
Note("c'4.")
abjad> tuplet.pop(7)
abjad> show(tuplet)
19.16. Removing a tuplet component by reference¶
Remove tuplet components by reference with remove():
abjad> tuplet.remove(tuplet[3])
abjad> show(tuplet)
19.17. Overriding attributes of the LilyPond tuplet number grob¶
Override attributes of the LilyPond tuplet number grob like this:
abjad> tuplet.override.tuplet_number.text = schemetools.SchemeFunction('tuplet-number::calc-fraction-text')
abjad> tuplet.override.tuplet_number.color = 'red'
abjad> f(tuplet)
\override TupletNumber #'color = #red
\override TupletNumber #'text = #tuplet-number::calc-fraction-text
\times 2/3 {
fs'8
g'8
r8
fs'8 [
e'8
d'8 ]
}
\revert TupletNumber #'color
\revert TupletNumber #'text
abjad> show(tuplet)
See the LilyPond docs for lists of grob attributes available.
19.18. Overriding attributes of the LilyPond tuplet bracket grob¶
Override attributes of the LilyPond tuplet bracket grob like this:
abjad> tuplet.override.tuplet_bracket.color = 'red'
abjad> f(tuplet)
\override TupletBracket #'color = #red
\override TupletNumber #'color = #red
\override TupletNumber #'text = #tuplet-number::calc-fraction-text
\times 2/3 {
fs'8
g'8
r8
fs'8 [
e'8
d'8 ]
}
\revert TupletBracket #'color
\revert TupletNumber #'color
\revert TupletNumber #'text
abjad> show(tuplet)
See the LilyPond docs for lists of grob attributes available.